MSM (Atkinson & Shiffrin)
Forgetting…
•Displacement (not enough space)
•Decay (not enough time)
•repression
X ignores individual differences
X over-simplifies STM/LTM
TEACHING IDEAS: ROLEPLAY ACTING OUT THE JOURNEY OF INFORMATION
Forgetting…
•Displacement (not enough space)
•Decay (not enough time)
•repression
X ignores individual differences
X over-simplifies STM/LTM
TEACHING IDEAS: ROLEPLAY ACTING OUT THE JOURNEY OF INFORMATION
Information processing
- input -> encode -> storage -> retrieval -> output
- Accessibility problems – retrieving from storage
- Availability problems – info no longer stored
Terry (2005)
Recalling TV commercials immediately and after a delay
•Serial position effect
•Primacy/ recency effect
- supports MSM
X lack ecological validity
X demand characteristics
TEACHING IDEAS: STUDENTS CREATE THEIR OWN EXPERIMENTS TO TEST PRIMACY AND RECENCY EFFECTS
Recalling TV commercials immediately and after a delay
•Serial position effect
•Primacy/ recency effect
- supports MSM
X lack ecological validity
X demand characteristics
TEACHING IDEAS: STUDENTS CREATE THEIR OWN EXPERIMENTS TO TEST PRIMACY AND RECENCY EFFECTS
WM model (Baddeley & Hitch - 1947)
TEACHING IDEAS: STUDENTS SPLIT INTO GROUPS - RESEARCH EACH AREA (CENTRAL EXEC/ PHONOLOGICAL LOOP/ VISUO-SPATIAL SCRATCH PAD) AND FEEDBACK TO CLASS
- Alternative model to MSM
- Explains STM
TEACHING IDEAS: STUDENTS SPLIT INTO GROUPS - RESEARCH EACH AREA (CENTRAL EXEC/ PHONOLOGICAL LOOP/ VISUO-SPATIAL SCRATCH PAD) AND FEEDBACK TO CLASS
BARTLETT (1932)
•Reconstructive memory
•‘War of the Ghosts’
•Schemas
•Rationalisation
X difficult style
•Reconstructive memory
•‘War of the Ghosts’
•Schemas
•Rationalisation
X difficult style
EWT - Loftus and Palmer (1947)
•Car crash q’s
•Broken glass?
•Wording changes recall
X can’t generalise
X video – ecological validity
•Car crash q’s
•Broken glass?
•Wording changes recall
X can’t generalise
X video – ecological validity
LOP (Craik & Lockhart - 1972)
•Shallow processing
•Deep processing
•Deeper processing
•Shallow processing
•Deep processing
•Deeper processing
- VISUAL/ AUDITORY/ SEMANTIC